Scale Green Energy

Development of CO₂ pipelines, liquefaction plants and transport vessels, promoting the creation of logistics hubs around LNG plants.

Enagás has signed collaboration agreements with various companies in the cement sector in Spain to jointly promote projects that favour the transformation, greater competitiveness and decarbonisation of this CO_2-intensive industry, where emissions are difficult to reduce.

Scale Green Energy and Enagás have submitted the ‘CO2necta’ project to the European Commission's Innovation Fund call for proposals in April 2025, together with Holcim and Saggas, the ‘MOSUSOL NetCO₂’ project, together with Cementos Molins, and the ‘COnet2 Sea’ project for the construction and operation of a 20,000 m³ CO₂ transport ship.

Enagás promotes the development of projects focused on sustainable CO₂ transport. The COnet2Sea project is a pioneering initiative in maritime CO₂ transport and its permanent carbon storage (CCS) in the Mediterranean.

COnet2 Sea project aims to demonstrate one of Europe’s first large-scale maritime liquid CO₂ transport service for carbon capture and storage (CCS). It will showcase an innovative and cost-effective model for shipping liquefied CO₂ (LCO2) from industrial emitters, such as cement producers, to permanent geological storage.

The project will deploy a 20,000 m³ medium-pressure LCO₂ carrier, capable of transporting 636,200 tonnes of CO₂ per year. The project is expected to have a 100% avoidance greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions relative to the reference scenario.

The vessel integrates three innovations beyond current state-of-the art:

• A CO₂ boil-off gas recovery system reusing cold energy from Bio-LNG fuel to reliquefy evaporated CO₂.
• A zeolite-based onboard CO₂ capture unit removing propulsion emissions, and a medium-pressure containment system optimised for efficiency and safety.
• The use of bio-LNG as fuel.

Environmental and Socio-economic Impact

COnet2 Sea will achieve an absolute GHG emission avoidance of 6.36 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent during its first ten years of operation and reduce non-CO₂ pollutants such as nitrogen and sulphur oxides from maritime transport.

The project supports the European Green Deal’s objective of reaching climate neutrality. It also contributes to theFuelEU Maritime Regulation objectives of reduction of GHG intensity, promoting cleaner shipping and lower lifecycle emissions across European waters.

In line with the EU Industrial Carbon Management Strategy, the project strengthens Europe’s leadership in CO₂ transport and storage, building a competitive low-carbon value chain that accelerates the transition towards a climate-neutral industry.

The project will drive:

• Around 250 jobs during the construction phase and more than 40 qualified positions during operation within the shipping industry.
• Fostering collaboration among Spanish and European companies across the value chain, from maritime engineering and energy infrastructure to carbon-management technologies, strengthening regional industrial clusters.
• A scalable model that will serve as a blueprint for future CO₂ transport corridors across the Mediterranean and other European hubs, promoting a sustainable industry and creating new opportunities for skilled workers.

“Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.” (Art. 17.3).

Shipbuilding and maintenance for LNG bunkering and other renewable molecules, such as Bio-LNG, to help decarbonise maritime transport.

Scale Green Energy has a 50% stake in two vessels in operation, the Haugesund Knutsen and the Levante LNG, and a 100% stake in another vessel currently under construction, the Alisios LNG. The company is also developing small-scale LNG export terminals, such as the one located in Ravenna (Italy), which has been operational since the end of 2021.

The company also promotes the use of technology to capture sustainable waste cold generated during the LNG regasification process at its regasification plants. This waste cold is then used in various processes that require intensive cooling, such as renewable gas liquefaction plants. As part of this effort, Enagás, Veolia, and the Barcelona City Council launched the first sustainable urban cold recovery network at the Enagás terminal in the Port of Barcelona in late 2024. They're working together to adapt this solution to other LNG infrastructure in Spain and around the world.

Furthermore, Enagás is participating in the development of the sustainable cold logistics hub project at the Port of Huelva. The project aims to supply sustainable cold to a network within the Port for distribution to logistics and food companies, optimising energy efficiency and strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of the local environment.

Creation and management of green hydrogen supply infrastructure for both light and heavy vehicles, with a focus on mobility segments that are difficult to electrify, to help decarbonise road transport.

The company is promoting the 'ECOhynet' project and in February 2025 obtained 100% of the CEF funds requested to develop six hydrogen refuelling stations in Spain, a number it plans to double by 2030.

Development of ammonia port infrastructure in the area surrounding Enagás' regasification plants, with the aim of advancing a multi-molecule model that develops alternative, decarbonised energy solutions.